Chromium is an essential mineral that is important in carbohydrate metabolism. Chromium is an active component of GTF (glucose tolerance factor) and has beneficial effects on blood sugar control mechanisms. The mineral assists in the metabolism of glucose and the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol by stimulating the enzymes involved in these processes.
Chromium helps regulate blood sugar levels by collaborating with insulin in facilitating the uptake of glucose into the cells. If chromium is not present, insulin’s action is blocked and blood sugar levels are elevated. Insulin is secreted in response to the rise in blood glucose levels after the consumption of a meal. Insulin functions by increasing the rate that glucose is taken up by the cells and the lowers blood glucose levels. Chromium is essential to proper insulin action and increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin. Through this mechanism, insulin improves blood sugar control and possibly facilitates weight loss.
Chromium is difficult to store and only about 3% of dietary chromium is retained in the body. Chromium is primarily stored in the spleen, kidneys, and testes with smaller amounts in the heart, pancreas, lungs, and brain. Excretion of the mineral occurs mainly through urination and the amount stored in the body decreases with age. On average, the human body contains 600mcg of chromium with the highest concentration occurring during infancy.
Chromium supplementation is primarily used in hypoglycemia and diabetes (conditions of impaired glucose tolerance). The mineral is used to reduce elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and promote weight loss. Chromium supplementation may also be beneficial in the treatment of acne.